Worthless Galenical Preparations.

Costly but worthless gifts facilitate courtship.

What are the characteristics of a good courtship gift? We address this question by modelling courtship as a sequential game. This is structured as follows: the male offers a gift to a female; after observing the gift, the female decides whether or not to accept it; she then chooses whether or not to mate with the male. In one version of the game, based on human courtship, the female is uncertai...

Worthless Movement: Agricultural Regression and Mobility

An Invasion of Cheats The Evolution of Worthless Nuptial Gifts

Nuptial gifts are food items or inedible tokens that are transferred to females during courtship or copulation . Tokens are of no direct value to females, and it is unknown why females require such worthless gifts as a precondition of mating. One hypothesis is that token giving arose in species that gave nutritious gifts and males exploited female preferences for nutritional gifts by substituti...

Biochemical Preparations

immunity or infection as influenced by adrenal steroids, some describe biochemical or anatomical studies that are only indirectly related to the subject of the symposium. Each article is by an acknowledged authority; most consist of a review of published reports up to the time of the meeting. Liberally interspersed are interpretations and criticisms, often on the basis of the investigative find...

Parenteral Preparations

Parenteral (Gk, para enteron, beside the intestine) dosage forms differ from all other drug dosage forms, because they are injected directly into body tissue through the primary protective systems of the human body, the skin, and mucous membranes. They must be exceptionally pure and free from physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. These requirements place a heavy responsibility on the...